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Fasteners are commonly used parts on mechanical equipment, and the usage rate is very high. Usually there are screws, nuts, bolts, rivets, etc., in order to ensure the safety of fasteners, we will have certain principles in the selection of materials , China Standard Parts Network, based on the knowledge of the use of fasteners, to share the commonly used stainless steel materials for fasteners and the principles of selection of stainless steel materials for fasteners.
The principle of selecting stainless steel materials for fasteners, under normal circumstances, we need to consider the following aspects:
1. Requirements for fastener materials in terms of mechanical properties, especially strength.
2. The requirements of working conditions on the corrosion resistance of materials.
3. The working temperature requires the material's heat resistance (high temperature, strength, oxidation resistance).
4. Requirements for material processing performance in terms of production technology.
5. Other aspects, such as weight, price, and purchasing factors must be considered.
After comprehensive and comprehensive consideration of these five aspects, the grades, varieties, specifications and material standards of fasteners are finally determined.
What are the commonly used stainless steel materials for fasteners?
1. Austenitic stainless steel
The commonly used grades are 302, 303, 304, and 305, which are the so-called "18-8" austenitic stainless steels. Both the corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties are similar. The starting point of selection is the production process method of the fastener, and the method depends on the size and shape of the fastener, and also depends on the quantity of production.
Type 302 is used for machined screws and self-tapping bolts.
Type 303 is to improve the cutting performance. A small amount of sulfur is added to type 303 stainless steel, which is used to process nuts with bar stock.
Type 304 is suitable for processing fasteners using hot heading technology, such as longer bolts and large diameter bolts, which may be beyond the scope of cold heading.
Type 305 is suitable for processing fasteners with cold heading technology, such as cold-formed nuts and hexagonal bolts.
Type 309 and Type 310 have higher Cr content and Ni content than 18-8 type stainless steel, which are suitable for fasteners that work at high temperatures.
Types 316 and 317, they both contain alloying element Mo, so their high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance are higher than 18-8 type stainless steel.
Types 321 and 347, 321 type contains relatively stable alloying element Ti, 347 type contains Nb, thereby improving the material's resistance to intergranular corrosion. It is suitable for fasteners that are not annealed after welding or are in service at 420~1013C.
2. Ferritic stainless steel
Type 430 ordinary chromium steel has better corrosion resistance and heat resistance than type 410. It is magnetic, but it cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. It is suitable for stainless steel with slightly higher corrosion resistance and heat resistance and strength requirements. fastener.
3. Martensitic stainless steel
Types 410 and 416 can be strengthened by heat treatment, with a hardness of 35~45HRC and good machining performance. They are used for heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant fasteners for general purposes. Type 416 has a slightly higher sulfur content and is a free-cutting stainless steel.
Type 420, the sulfur content is ¡Ý0.15%, the mechanical properties are improved, and it can be strengthened by heat treatment. The maximum hardness is 53 ~ 58HRC. It is used for fasteners that require higher strength.
4. Precipitation hardening stainless steel
17-4PH, PH15-7Mo, they can get higher strength than the usual 18-8 type stainless steel, so they are used for high-strength, corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners.
A-286, a non-standard stainless steel, has higher corrosion resistance than the commonly used 18-8 type stainless steel, and still has good mechanical properties when the temperature increases. Used as high-strength, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant fasteners, the service temperature can reach 650~700C.
